Concepts in social psychology: Analaysis

Concepts in social psychology: Analaysis Social Psychology Introduction Social psychology may be called one of the oldest sub-disciplines of psychology (Crisp Turner, 2010). From the primary social psychological research, it has been an inseparable part of the broader discipline (Crisp Turner, 2010). Social psychology may be perceived as having some sort of identity crisis because of too different approaches. Nevertheless, this is incorrect. Social psychology is as strong as it has ever been. This may be proved by the emergence of numerous other sub-disciplines, which have appeared around it, and have applied mainly social psychological theories and concepts (Crisp Turner, 2010). Social psychology is a goal-oriented sphere, which tries to realize the psychological and social needs of human beings. There are several principles that concern the practice of social psychology. These are: discovering the self, thinking about others, influencing others, relations building, and group dynamics. Discovering the Self In spite of the huge amount of literature on the topic of self there is still no agreement upon the clarification of it (Glaveanu). The majority of researchers try to avoid the â€Å"unanswerable† query of what self is, and their approaches are supported more by the inherent awareness rather than precise clarifications (Glaveanu). Similar to the notion of consciousness, the self is mentioned among those concepts, which are never precise, unified and clear-cut (Glaveanu). The pioneering explorers in the field of self thought that the individual’s experience occurs in the brain (Glaveanu). However, only the evolvement of a self forces the person to realize that the experience is their own. These days, the self has been characterized either as the place from where the individual sees the globe and acts towards it, or as an energetic and cooperative process (Glaveanu). All other clarifications are concentrated on the notion of properties or on finding operational criteria for â€Å"searching† the existence of self (Glaveanu). Researching the self is one of the fundamental ideas of social psychology. It tries to investigate how a person sees the self within the social context. Basically, the idea is to find out how people treat themselves and their relations with other humans. Self-concept, Awareness, and Self-schemas Self-concept is a fundamental issue in the sub-discipline of social psychology (Boyce, 2008). It embraces two essential elements: self-structure and self-content. It relates to data, which influences humans’ classification of the self (Boyce, 2008). This embraces values, beliefs, self-knowledge and self evaluation. Self-structure touches upon the way the data concerning the self is arranged (Boyce, 2008). Self-concept allows people to separate themselves from other people (Boyce, 2008). In its turn, self-awareness is also a crucial concept in social psychology. It concerns the capability of people to separate themselves from other people and the surroundings (Myers, Abell, Kolstad, Sani, 2010). It presupposes awareness concerning ones’ character, values, emotions, strengths and weaknesses. It influences humans’ self-image and, hence, influences their feelings concerning self and other people. Inappropriate awareness of self may cause self-image, which is not a genuine depiction of a human being (Myers et al., 2010). Therefore, self-awareness has a crucial influence on human conduct and relations with other individuals. Social psychology tries to investigate aspects, which influence self-awareness, and psychologists help people in improving self-awareness (Myers et al., 2010). Acknowledgement of the notion of self starts with the values, by which people define, who they actually are (Myers et al., 2010). These values are recognized as self-schemas and are the construction blocks, with which the character is created (Myers et al., 2010). Self-schemas are the figures, through which humans estimate themselves and other humans (Myers et al., 2010). If a person thinks that they is stout, then this idea is a schema through which he sees himself (Myers et al., 2010). He also treats other humans relatively through the same schema. The acting self is another significant component of the detection of the self (Boyce, 2008). It is accountable for those acts, which are performed by people (Boyce, 2008). The sub-division of psychology tries to understand the elements, which drive the active self. These elements are: the external environment and the judging self. People whose deeds are impacted by the environment exhibit outer locus of control. In turn, humans, whose deeds are triggered by the judging the self exhibit inherent locus of control (Boyce, 2008). There are two more important concepts defining the self: self-esteem and self-efficacy. Self-efficacy concerns individual’s perception about theur ability to perform some acts, which are required if they wants to manage certain circumstances (Boyce, 2008). This concept determines how humans react on different circumstances; hence, this concept influences the human conduct (Boyce, 2008). People with a low sense of self-efficacy usually believe that different conditions are out of their control, and they try to rely on other people (Boyce, 2008). Self-esteem concerns the level at which a person values the self (Boyce, 2008). This concept predetermines conduct and relations with other people. In its turn, it depends on how people estimate themselves (Boyce, 2008). Self-evaluation usually leads to either negative or positive self-esteem. Humans, who expose positive self-esteem, demonstrate confidence in their skills and cheerfulness (Boyce, 2008). Conversely, individuals with low self-worth demonstrate limited confidence in their skills. They care about what other people think of them (Boyce, 2008). Thinking about Others Social psychology also studies thinking about other people. A person’s view of other people is an amazing determinant of the person’s conduct and relations with others. Social psychology embraces such an important concept as attribution, which concerns the fashion in which a human being attaches meaning to the specific event or issue (Crisp Turner, 2010). There are two major variants of attribution; internal and external. Internal type takes place when an individual associates the incidence of events with aspects, which are within their power (Crisp Turner, 2010). External attribution occurs when a person attributes the incidence of events to aspects, which are beyond their control (Crisp Turner, 2010). Attribution predetermines how the person interprets the conduct of others. Hence, attribution has a crucial influence on relationship with other members of the society (Crisp Turner, 2010). At the same time, attitudes and behaviors influence how people perceive others (Plous, 2003). Attitude relates to an individual’s manner of estimating humans or different issues. Attitudes are shaped by several aspects, such as personal observations and experiences, social norms and roles (Plous, 2003). Attitudes help people to create strong opinions concerning dissimilar issues (Plous, 2003). It embraces emotional and cognitive aspects. Emotional aspect refers to the feeling created by an issue, whilst the cognitive aspect concerns the ideas created by the issue (Plous, 2003). Attitude frequently influences behaviors in a way that sometimes human beings can change the attitudes to adapt to their behaviors (Plous, 2003). Prejudice, stereotypes and discrimination influence interaction with others as well (Plous, 2003). Stereotype relates to image held by a person concerning a certain group of people. Stereotyping causes bias and prejudice. It relates to certain attitude towards members of a certain community due to the presence of certain stereotype (Plous, 2003). In turn, prejudice causes discrimination. Discrimination relates to positive or negative acts towards members of a certain group due to prejudice (Plous, 2008). All three concepts have crucial influence on conduct and relations (Plous, 2003). Influencing Others: Persuasion Social psychology also investigates how a person affects other humans. It relates to how an individual applies the power of persuasion to make others accomplish their goals. It should be mentioned that human relations mainly rely on unconscious system of give and take (Bressert, 2006). Robert B. Cialdini has been investigating the significance of persuasion in affecting social relations (Bressert, 2006). He has recognized six major principles of influence: 1. Reciprocation: one good turn deserves another. 2. Commitment and Consistency: pursue through. 3. Social Proof: when uncertain, go after the crowd. 4. Liking: trust people you like. 5. Authority: be a real member of the team, listen to professionals. 6. Scarcity: appreciate unusual (Bressert, 2006). Hence, persuasion is the procedure during which a human being tries to stimulate people to change their behaviors and attitudes regarding some issue. In order to attract the audience the persuader has to reveal their own credibility. Humans, who are considered unreliable, cannot convince others successfully (Crisp Turner, 2010). The person also has to expose a high degree of proficiency as people like an assurance expressed by the persuader (Crisp Turner, 2010). The persuasion message should be precise, clear and consistent. At the same time, the listeners should also expose commitment to the course advanced by the persuader. Low commitment may obstruct the persuasion practice (Crisp Turner, 2010). Obedience and Conformity Obedience and conformity are also crucial elements of social impact. Conformity is an inclination of a person to presume similar values, attitudes, and behaviors as other members of the grouping he or she is attempting to fit in (Fiske, 2010). Moreover, many people will follow the group even when they have seen something different with their own eyes (Fiske, 2010). While conformity concerns some alteration to fit into a group, obedience has more to do with the degree of authority of the human being performing the impact (Fiske, 2010). If people are considered to be the leaders, listeners are far more likely to reply to them by agreeing with the requests they make (Fiske, 2010). It may be explained by the dictatorial character of the person, it could also be due to fear of punishment if compliance is not about to happen (Fiske, 2010). Hence, obedience takes place when somebody acts in a way he does not normally act due to a leader’s orders. Conformity is more interconnected with social pressure and impact, whilst obedience not merely embraces a hierarchy but is caused more by respond to a leader rather than social impact (Fiske, 2010). As for aggressive behavior, aggression relates to behaviors, which are directed toward hurting another person. It relates to the act, which is planned to cause harm to another human being. Aggression can be either hostile or instrumental. Instrumental aggression occurs when an individual uses the aggressive behaviors in order to accomplish some goals (Crisp Turner, 2010). Hostile aggression takes place when the sole purpose of the aggression is to cause damage (Crisp Turner, 2010). Aggression has social and psychological implication, which makes it a crucial subject of study in social psychology (Crisp Turner, 2010). Social psychology also concentrates on evolving prosocial behaviors, which are directed towards assisting other humans (Crisp Turner, 2010). Unlike people demonstrating aggressive behavior, humans with prosocial behavior demonstrate concern for other people’s rights and emotions (Crisp Turner, 2010). Prosocial conduct is a vital aspect of human relations similar to relationship building, attraction and love. Social psychology assists people in relations and love (Plous, 2003). Relations are developed when one individual becomes dependent on another for some issues. Constructing relations starts with the initiation of cognitive interdependence, when people with the relationship learn about one another via interaction and exposure (Crisp Turner, 2010). The relations proceed to the behavioral interdependence, when humans within the relationship change the behaviors of other humans (Plous, 2003). Individuals in the relations become conscious of the requirements of the other party and change the behaviors to make them in agreement with the requirements. The relations can also move on to the emotional interdependence stage that is also recognized as the familiarity stage, which is an optimistic emotional tie and sense of connectedness among humans (Plous, 2003). Group Dynamics Social life presupposes different groups. There are four main types of groups: The intimacy group, which relates to humans, who are united by a strong emotional tie (Crisp Turner, 2010). The first group consists of relatives, friends, and romantic relationships (Crisp Turner, 2010). The task group, which relates to humans, who are united for the aim of achieving a certain task. The group embraces colleagues or schoolmates (Crisp Turner, 2010). The social group: these are humans, who are united by social aspects, for instance, sex, religion, nations or race (Crisp Turner, 2010). The loose association, which relates to humans united by elements that are least binding. For example, loving the same music (Crisp Turner, 2010). Groupthink is the inclination of a group to make decisions via consensus. Groupthink takes place in groups, which have a strong unity, leadership and which are separated from outer influences (Crisp Turner, 2010). One of the outcomes of groupthink is that it supports the ideas of the most dominant members of the groupings. Thoughts from the least powerful members of the groups are neglected. Groupthink can also cause loss of human identity and independence (Crisp Turner, 2010). In turn, social dilemmas relate to circumstances, under which the interests of a group crash with the aims of members of the groups (Plous, 2003). All members of the group obtain lower collective advantages by making choices, which favor individual gain than by making choices supporting collective gain (Plous, 2003). Maybe, in the future social psychologists will resolve this dilemma. Future of Social Psychology Future tendencies of social psychology will be far more integrated because of cross-cultural studies, with better technological resources and better professional ethics. Culture, especially, multiculturalism will play a huge role in the future tendencies as it enables the psychologists to test their hypotheses over varied groups of people to realize whether the ideas apply across dissimilar nations and cultures. Today, social psychology deals with the psychological and social issues, which are demonstrated by the existing surroundings. In the past and the present, the scientists have been driven by such issues like racism, sex, altruism, wars and HIV (Crisp Turner, 2010). In the future, different promising issues like globalization can drive this field as it is leading to the alliance of diverse nations of the globe. This may transform the way people interact. Advanced technology will also influence social psychology. Lately, the globe has seen amazing changes in the technology sphere. This has started to influence the way individuals live and communicate (Crisp Turner, 2010). Social psychology can investigate the impacts of technologies. The other issues, which can create a central area of concentration in the area of social psychology, embrace terrorism, health, global warming and current and future ecological issues (Crisp Turner, 2010). Conclusion Social psychology is a goal-oriented sphere that makes an attempt to recognize the social and psychological needs of humans. There are several principles concerning the practice of social psychology. These are: discovering the self, thinking about others, influencing others, relations building, and group dynamics. The debates around the sphere of social psychology may force people think that it experiences an identity crisis. However, in fact, the social psychology is stronger than it has ever been before. Many different disciplines emerge on the basis of social psychology. Moreover, this discipline is at its height, and it is likely to be further accelerated by multiculturalism, technological advancement, globalization, health and environmental issues. References Boyce, K. (2008). Self-structure and Self-concept Clarity: Evaluative Integration as a Means to Increased Self-clarity. Michigan: ProQuest. Bressert, S. (2006). Persuasion and how to influence others. Retrieved from http://psychcentral.com/lib/persuasion-and-how-to-influence-others/000137 Crisp, R., Turner, R. (2010). Essential Social Psychology. USA, Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications Ltd. Fiske, S. (2010). Social Beings: Core Motives in Social Psychology. New Jersey: Wiley. Glaveanu, V. (n.d.). The Self in social psychology: towards new perspectives. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/229337/The_Self_in_Social_Psychology_Towards_New_Perspectives Myers, D., Abell, J., Kolstad, A., Sani, F. (2010). Social Psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Plous, S. (2003). The psychology of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination: An overview. In S. Plous (Ed.), Understanding Prejudice and Discrimination (pp. 3-48). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Banquo’s Murder Macbeth Essay

This morning, our beloved Banquo, friend of the king, was found dead. His body, bearing a slit throat and twenty deep lacerations to the face, was discovered by a farmer from the area. The farmer discovered the body outside of his Salmon farm roughly a mile from castle Dunsinane. The motive for this horrific act is still questionable. Upon questioning the farmer police were unable to discover any leads. Although the farmer produced no useful information the crime scene yielded a possible location for authorities to begin the search. When officials investigated the ditch were Banquo was found they observed footprints and drags marks that led to the road outside Castle Dunsinane, there was also another set of footprints that led straight to the castle to suggest a possible connection between the castle and the murderers. When the authorities found the scene where Banquo was expected to be murdered, a total of five sets of footprints were found at the crime scene along with blood and two sets of horse’s hoofs. The police were able to eliminate two sets of footprints as Banquo’s and another as his son Fleance’s, based on the size. What still concerns authorities is the disappearance of the young Fleance. The boy was thought to be with Banquo at the time of the murder. Police are searching for the boy diligently. The face of the murdered Banquo after his body was found a mile from Castle Dunsinane. The face of the murdered Banquo after his body was found a mile from Castle Dunsinane. From the crime scene the police have concluded that they are looking for three possible murders. With the fifth set of footprints leading away from the scene, police began their search at the castle. The authorities talked with King Macbeth, who was reported to have been acting strangely at the court gathering the previous night. The king said, â€Å"I drink to†¦our dear friend Banquo, whom we miss. † The king continued on to say that he will miss his good friend and also hopes that Banquo finds heaven. Lady Macbeth was also asked for a statement and she refused, saying only she was too weak with sadness to speak of the event. In conclusion, authorities have no credible leads or motives for this terrible crime at this time. Police ask that anyone with any information regarding the murderers contact them at their field office. Their office is in Castle Dunsinane on the second floor, they ask that people with information please contact them as soon as possible.

All Of Citizens Have A Legal Right - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2427 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/03/19 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Gun Control Essay Did you like this example? When a country with less than five percent of the worlds population has nearly half of the worlds privately owned guns and makes up nearly a third of the worlds mass shootings, its time to stop saying guns make us safer.† Dr. Dashanne Stokes America is a country with an endless selection of guns with all different types of sizes and levels of damage available. However guns are beginning to become a problem. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "All Of Citizens Have A Legal Right" essay for you Create order We live in a country where guns have evolved from being a way of defending a nation, to a way for a 19 year old to take 17 people’s lives in a Florida high school. 42% of US citizens live in a household with a gun . All of citizens have a legal right to own these firearms. If these citizens all own guns legally, how do these mass shootings keep happening? In America, the hardest thing you will have to do in order to buy a gun is go through a simple background check in order to get a permit. Some states, such as Colorado, do not even require a permit to purchase a gun. This makes it exceedingly effortless for a gun to fall into the wrong hands such as those of someone mentally ill, or a disturbed teenager looking to hurt his/her classmates. America needs to instate more strict gun control in order to prevent more mass shootings, as well as one on one gun violence in order to potentially save the lives of thousands of Americans. Since there are so many different sides, and different arguments, America has struggled with this disagreement tirelessly. The Second amendment is a greatly controversial topic in our society. The second amendment says that â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.† Right after the second Amendment was put in place, people were ecstatic. This was in the 1700’s, and all it meant for them was that they are now able to go hunting, or defend themselves much easier than before. Mass shooting were not an unsettling issue for them. The Second Amendment states that owning a gun is a right, not a privilege. The Second Amendment was ratified in 1791. Since then guns have developed rapidly, but our laws and restrictions have not. In 1791, there was a miniscule amount of gun violence compared to today, yet our laws have scarcely changed. Back then, the only reason an individual might own a gun would be for either self defense, or hunting. Since the Second Amendment was ratified, America has had an ongoing disagreement about whether we need to instate better, more strict gun control. Due to America’s weak gun control, there have been over 307 mass shootings in 2018 alone. Everytime America experiences another mass shooting, we see news articles, rallys, and cries for better gun control. We also see people pleading mental health, or saying that if the school had been better prepared, this wouldn’t have happened. The problem is schools are prepared. They practice shooter drills, make sure kids know exactly what to do in the event of a shooting, yet they keep happening. The same can be said about homicides. You could be walking through the street and someone could fire at you, unprovoked. It is almost impossible to defend yourself when you are being fired at in the street by a criminally insane person. The sad, but apparent reality is that mass shootings keep happening, and our lawmakers have done little to change that. This may be because doing so is a challenge, because of all the opposing sides. Some sides think Americas gun control is good just as it is, and others disagree. Others do not want to see change because they fear it will mean they would no longer be able to own a gun, but that is completely untrue. The gun control many keep asking for is not to rid America of all guns, but instead to make it harder for dangerous people to acquire an assault rifle. This means that people who do not have the intention of hurting people with their guns, or have not had previous altercations with the police or other law enforcement could still own guns. The only way you would be prevented from purchasing or owning a gun would be if you have ever been arrested, have a history of violence, have been declared mentally ill by a professional, etc. The change most people are looking to see is not drastic. A simple background check, or permit required to purchase a gun could save countless lives. This may not help prevent all gun violence, because there are always going to be people who find their way around the law, but it will certainly make it much more difficult for people to do a significant amount of damage. Many people looking to hurt someone are not going to go through all the trouble of getting a permit, due to the fact that they are looking for accessibility. Some states, such as Oregon, have taken matters into their own hands. On February 15, the house had approved the bill to forbid convicted domestic abusers, and stalkers from purchasing assault rifles. This law was passed in light of the Parkland shooting that occured in Florida on February 15, 2018. Not only has this law made countless people feel safer, but it has the potential to prevent many deaths by the means of gun violence. I think survivors of domestic violence shouldnt have to live in fear that their abusers can obtain a firearm, -Knute Buehler. This quote shows how, by instating better laws along the lines of what Oregon did, we can not only help survivors feel safer, but we can also help students, children, and people walking the streets alone at night feel out of harms way. Although this is only one state out of 50, it is a huge step towards getting America safer. This has been a huge triumph for everyone. After years of fighting and pain, they have finally succeed and their voice finally being heard. School is supposed to be a place for children to go and learn in a habitat where they can feel safe. Not a place where students have to fear that they may not get to come home that day. Almost every school is required to practice their â€Å"active shooter drills† once or twice a year. This is not only a scary thing for some students, but should not be necessary. There were 94 school gun violence incidents this year . America has never seen a number of school shootings so high since 1970. This is awful, yet not surprising. The Number of death by guns has been consistently rising. Parents are sending their kids to school, expecting them to come home safer, and maybe even a little smarter. They should not have to worry about their kids getting killed in a place they are supposed to learn, a place they go everyday. One of the most dangerous shootings to occur was Columbine. 13 students and teachers were killed, and over 20 injured when 2 highschool students opened fire at Columbine high school in Littleton, Colorado. After this had happened, the two had ended their own lives. The two had purchased the three guns for 500$, and the man who sold the guns to them was put in jail. The families of those killed have suffered endlessly. Many have gone on to advocate for gun control, others are in too much pain. America is ranked 27th in the world for the highest number of suicides per year. Firearms were the cause of 51% of suicides in 2016. â€Å"The study also showed that the odds of successfully committing suicide are 140 times greater when a gun is used than for any other method.† This is true because, most likely, a gun will kill you instantly. This leaves no opportunity for the person who tried to end their lives to back out, or go to a hospital to get help. More than 20,000 Americans commit suicide using a gun every year. This number would go down tremendously if so many troubled people did not have such easy access to guns. Some of these guns used for suicide were not owned illegally, which is why people buying a gun should learn the importance of keeping their gun locked away. Several people who commit suicide and fail do not try it again, but with a gun, there are no second chances, only death. The NRA, or National Rifle Association, is in charge of almost all guns and rifles. People have different opinions of the NRA. Some people like it, because it brings in a substantial amount of money to our government. Others do not like the NRA because the NRA does not believe we need stricter gun control. The more guns are purchased, the more money the NRA receives. If gun control gets tighter, and less people purchase guns, then NRA’s profits go down. Therefor, the NRA does not want tighter gun control, and since they contribute so much money towards our government, neither do our politicians. Even if gun control got improved, people could still purchase guns, it would just become a little more challenging, which is why people are getting upset. The NRA would still make profits, just maybe not as much. Gang violence is another big issue revolving guns. Gun related homicide is most prevalent in gangs. Seeing that guns do more damage than almost every other accessible weapon, this is understandable. A gun can do significantly more damage than a knife, or other weapons. Guns are the most popular choice of weapon surrounding gangs and fights. The problem is, an automatic rifle can kill so many people per minute that time is not even an issue. Other guns, such as handguns require reloading, and are more time consuming, ergo doing less damage. Mass shootings have been going on for a while, but America has never seen this many happening and this often. The first mass shooting recorded was on August 1st, 1966, when a sniper killed 17 people at the university of texas. Mass shooting have always been a problem, and always will be, unless we figure out a way to get guns out of the hands of people looking to do damage. The first gun ever created was a simple pistol made by Joseph Laumann. This gun could do very little harm or destruction. To them, this was just a tool for hunting. There was no danger that came along with it. Nowadays, we have AR-15s that can kill hundreds of people without even needing to reload. This shows how far guns have evolved, and how little our laws have. One on one hate crimes are another deadly problem with guns. People who have a hatred for each other can sometimes get angry and take matters into their own hands. A woman was taking her three sons to a dental appointment in Westminster, Colorado, when the women got in an a uncomfortable encounter in traffic with the driver. The driver then followed her and her sons to the dentist and opened fire, killing her son and injuring several others. The man who killed him was also mentally ill, and had not been taking his medication. If stricter laws had been put in place, he would not have been able to get a gun, keep it concealed in his car, and kill this 13 year old boy. A long term impact of America’s gun laws are the countless lives we have lost due to guns. In 2017, 39,773 were lost lives due to guns. These peoples families have mourned and grieved the lives of their children, parents, or family members who lost their lives due to a tragic incident caused by guns. Most of these incidents could have been prevented if these criminals were not able to access guns. If we were to screen people before they bought a gun, you would be able to discover people who were mentally ill, or people with a history of crimes. Survivors of shootings are scared to step foot back at school, young kids are scared to walk alone at night, and people everywhere are scare of getting caught in a bad situation and ending up dead. Americas should not have to spend their entire lives in fear of when someone with a gun could show up and end it all. Mental health is another issue. People who have had a violent history or want to hurt others have an extremely easy way to do that now. Stricter gun laws would prevent people deemed mentally ill by a professional to purchase a firearms, but it is very hard for someone selling a gun to be able to tell if someone is mentally ill based off of looks. This is why background check and/or screenings before purchasing a gun are crucial to keeping people safe. People are giving up everything trying to find a solution to ending this. March for our lives, a famous organization that rallies for gun control, have been working harder than ever. Children have been given a platform to speak out, and they have certainly ceased that opportunity. Kids have been speaking out about the fear they felt when a shooter entered their school, and killed 17 of their classmates. They have also used all the pain of this tragedy to raise awareness and and create a change in our society. They have been advocating for our country for countless nights, and some change has been seen, such as oregon changing its laws, and california doing the same. This has been a huge triumph for anyone who has ever had to worry about feeling unsafe at school or in public. If laws like these continue to change, so will the number of deaths by gun violence. To sum up everything stated thus far, in order to save lives, some change needs to be seen. Gun violence is an issue Americans have been facing constantly for years and years, and will continue to face until some change has been made. We have have lost countless lives and battles, have worked endlessly trying to convince politicians to change laws, and have come so close, yet so far.Gun violence has come in many forms, such as, gang violence, suicides, homicides, etc. All just as tragic as the next. In order to keep our children and society safe, we need to see a change, and a big one too.

What Is Plancks Constant

Plancks constant or the Planck constant is the proportionality constant relating a photons energy to its frequency. The constant is the basis for the definition of the kilogram unit of mass and is important in the field of quantum mechanics.Plancks constant is expressed by the symbol hh 6.62606896(33) x 10-34 JÂ ·sech 4.13566733(10) x 10−15 eVÂ ·sec Because the constants value depends on the units used to describe it, it is known exactly in atomic units, but only out to 12 parts per billion using the metric system. Sources Bowley, R.; SÃ ¡nchez, M. (1999). Introductory Statistical Mechanics (2nd ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-850576-1Schlamminger, S.; Haddad, D.; Seifert, F.; Chao, L. S.; Newell, D. B.; Liu, R.; Steiner, R. L.; Pratt, J. R. (2014). Determination of the Planck constant using a watt balance with a superconducting magnet system at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Metrologia. 51 (2): S15. arXiv:1401.8160. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/51/2/S15

Summary Of The Clown Essay - 896 Words

Six year old George Denbrough paper boat was sailed into a storm drain. Pennywise, the dancing clown persuaded George to reach into the storm drain, in order to get his paper boat. While reaching into the drain and then rips his arm off, leaving George to bleed to death. The clown, Pennywise, disguised itself as a clown to attract the prey of young children. Twenty-Seven years later, a gay man was beaten to death in the same town of Derry, Maine. Two witness reported seeing a clown assault the man after they threw him off the bridge. Mike Hanlon, the head librarian, hears about them and knows what they were talking about. Mike called all his childhood friends, to bring them back to Derry, from a promise they made when they were kids. Stan Uris is an accountant, he was one of the children that were friends with Mike and was also terrorized by It. Stan goes to take bath, while he is in the bathroom tub, committed suicide. Richie Tozier is a DJ in Los Angeles. Richie received a call and remembered the promise he made that summer in 1958. Ben Hanscom walks into a bar in Nebraska and drinks a beer. Ben also received a call from Mike asking him back to Derry. Ben notices scars on his belly he had when he had a accident with It. Ben was afraid to go back Derry. Eddie Kaspbrak, a hypochondriac, is packing every drug in his medicine cabinet. When Mike called Eddie, is left scared and confused of what could happen if him and the others return back to Derry. Beverly Rogan was aShow MoreRelatedJohn Wayne Gacys Summary As A Killer Clown2064 Words   |  9 Pagesfor being the â€Å"Killer Clown†. Gacy raped and killed 33 young boys and men in Chicago. He would bury the victims’ in a crawl space he dug or throw them into the Des Plaines River when the crawl space ran out of the room. He pled not guilty by reason of insanity and claimed he lost count of how many victims he buried in the crawl space. Even though he was well known in the community for his active involvement in volunteer work and performing at events dressed up as â€Å"Pogo the Clown†, he was still foundRead MoreEliminating The Irs s Requisition For Summary Judgment921 Words   |  4 Pages In eliminating the IRS s requisition for summary judgment in the case, the Tax Reckoning stated that it would no longer follow its opinion in McCord, in which it had held that in advance of the death of a person, no recognized method exists for approximating the burden of the estate tax with a sufficient degree of certitude to be effective for Federal gift tax purposes (McCord, 120 T.C. at 402). Therefore, under McCord, no discount would be allowed on a gift tax return for a potential estateRead MoreMgmt 591999 Words   |  4 PagesPART I – Group Development First, here is a summary of the development stages of a team. In the forming stage, team members come togetherand form initial impressions. They socialize in order to get to know each other and bond with other team members. In the storming stage, team members experience hostility and infighting over tasks and how the team works. In the norming stage, team members start to come together and realize what needs to be accomplished. In the performing stage, team membersRead MoreFamily Dynamics : When A Man Loves A Woman Essay1653 Words   |  7 Pagesthemes that are present in families that suffer from addiction. This paper will look at the family dynamics of the Green family from When a Man Loves a Woman and also discuss how the research results from the article also relates to the family. Movie Summary The movie When a Man Loves a Woman is about a couple Michael, a pilot, and Alice, a school teacher, Green and their love story when Alice Green is diagnosed an alcoholic and goes to in-patient treatment. The family is forced to adjust to their newRead MoreThe History Of Slapstick : Summary And Early History1287 Words   |  6 Pageshistory of slapstick Page 1, Summary and Early history. Slapstick- a broad comedy characterized by disorderly action, as the throwing of pies in actors faces, assault, and obvious ludicrous situations, as well as jokes. Slapstick, a type of physical comedy most often characterized by broad humour, absurd situations, and vigorous, usually violent action, was, and still is one of the most famous genres of all time. The slapstick comic, more than a mere funnyman or clown, must often be a gymnast,Read MoreHumor And Humour Of The Picture Of Dorian Gray1368 Words   |  6 Pagestheir limits of self-control to burst into laughter. Uncontrollable laughter as related to humour was against the strict moral laws of Plato. Even Aristotle seemed to believe in some restrictions on a humorous conversation. Humour was suited to a clown in restricted scenarios and serious self-respecting men and women did not engage in buffoonery. In a way, humour is like alcohol or an addictive substance. It makes you lose your self-control. Plato argued that humour can lead to violent reactionsRead MoreManaging Behaviours in the Learning Environment1570 Words   |  7 Pagesmilitary ethos is instilled, a number of different behaviours and emotions are evident, some of these are: having no interest in the subject, they don’t understand the content of the lesson, disrupting others by being argumentative or acting as the class clown, violent behaviour towards other Trainees, has learning difficulties or they could have personal problems within the barrack room or at home. Some of the issues listed are dealt with quickly and with no disruption, the problems arise when a situationRead MoreDont Just Stand There: Reactions to Prejudiced Comments and Jokes653 Words   |  3 Pagesimportant details that may have helped to support her argument. Cole’s argument s not credible becuse she fails to give any back round information on the guy who told the joke, For example, who is he? Is he a person of authority? Is he the workplace clown? Is he an associate or friend? Who knows, maybe this guy is Jewish also. It seems a bit odd that these two individuals were office neighbors for two years and she does not provide us with any information about this guy. Equally important, she failsRead MoreSerial Killers Speech1533 Words   |  7 Pagesanother famous serial killer is the most famous for what he did 1. John Wayne Gacy was convicted of the torture, rape and murder of 33 males between 1972 until his arrest in 1978. He was dubbed the Killer Clown because he entertained kids at parties as Pogo The Clown. 2. John had many issues with his father who was a alcoholic and did not give john the attention that he needed he was always wanting attention from his father. John also had health problems such as a non-specificRead MoreInformative Speech : Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay873 Words   |  4 PagesInformative Speech: Autism Spectrum Disorder Attention Getter: Some of us parents take it for granted when our kids talk so much, ask so many questions, or clown around all day long. We tend to forget how there are some parents that don’t get that right away. Topic Disclosure: Today I am going to talk to you about autism spectrum disorder. Preview: During my speech I will discuss: I. Causes of autism II. Symptoms III. Treatments Audience Link: Before doing the research on autism spectrum disorder

The Opener of Holy Quran Free Essays

Introduction of Surah Al-Fatiha:Al-Fatiha means â€Å"The Opener†. Because it opens the Holy Quran and also by its recitation we start our prayers. It is also called the â€Å"Mother of the Holy Quran†. We will write a custom essay sample on The Opener of Holy Quran or any similar topic only for you Order Now That’s because the meaning of the whole Quran is summarized into surah Al-Fatiha. It is the Mecci Surah of the Holy Quran and contains 7 verses.But it still explains the admiration of Allah Almighty in a very comprehensive way. The theme of the Surah Al-Fatiha:Allah has taught in this Surah to mankind to thank Allah (SWT) for everything and to offer prayer to Him, who is the Lord of this universe. Islam obliges a man to initiate everything with the name of Allah. By having a solid belief, we will keep ourselves away from evil and wrong deeds. Then there is the prayer of Allah Who is Master, Owner, Sustainer, Provider, Guardian, Sovereign, Ruler, Administrator, and Organizer. Then it is added that He is the Master of the Day of Judgment, thus, everyone is accountable for his deeds. Mankind is the only worshiper of the Lord and for this reason, mankind is requesting for guidance in every aspect of life. The guidance which makes mankind favorable is required. The one who will be astray will suffer the wrath of Allah (SWT).Virtues of Surah Al-Fatiha:There are many virtues associated with this Surah. Two of them are described below,1. Pillar of the Salah: This surah has a great importance in prayer. If we don’t read it in our Salah, our prayer will not be valid or void. Prophet Muhammad (SAW) said, Surah al-Fatiha is â€Å"The Mother of the Quran, the Mother of the Book, the Seven Oft-Repeated Verses and the Great recitation.† (Tirmidhi)2. The cure for the disease: Hazrat Abu Saeed al-Khudri narrates: â€Å"While on a journey we halted at a place. A girl came to us and said: â€Å"The chief of this tribe has been stung by a scorpion and our men are not present, is there anybody amongst you who can recite something upon him to treat him?† Then, one of our men went along with her although we did not think that he knew any such treatment. However, our friend went to the chief and recited something upon him and the chief was cured. Thereupon, the chief gave him thirty sheep and gave us all milk to drink. When he returned, we asked our friend: â€Å"Did you know anything to recite upon him to cure him?† He said: â€Å"No, I only recited Umm al-Kitab (i.e. Surah al-Fatiha) upon him. † We said that do not do anything until we reach Madinah and ask the Prophet regarding this (practice and reward-whether the sheep were lawful or not for us). Upon reaching Madinah, we narrated this to the Prophet (PBUH), whereupon he remarked: â€Å"How did he come to know that Al-Fatiha can be used as a cure? (PBUH) Distribute your reward amongst yourselves and a lot a share for me as well†.† (Sahih Bukhari)Tafseer of verses of Surah Al-FatihaVerse # 01, In the name of Allah: It is the first verse of the Surah Al-Fatiha. It means, â€Å"In the name of Allah, the beneficial and most merciful. It is very good to recite it before doing any work. â€Å"In The Name of Allah, The Beneficent, The Merciful.†The beginning of the Holy Quran is with the name of Allah Almighty, who is the most Beneficient, the most Merciful. This phrase is known as Bismillah and is essential to recite doing anything. It seeks mercy and blessing of Allah and is better to recite before starting any work. Verse no 2 The second verse of the Surah-Al-Fatihah is:†(All) praise is (only) Allah’s, the Lord of the worlds.† (Al-Fatihah: 2)After reciting the phrase Bism-il-lah-is-Rahim, our first objective is to bring our mind toward the Great Creator and Cherisher of the world, and His infinite rewards which have fenced us thoroughly. â€Å"Al-Hamd† means â€Å"thanks† same is the meaning of â€Å"secular†, but there is a difference between these two words. Hamd is done with the love of Allah Almighty, but on the other hand, shukar is the response of endless bounties which were awarded by Allah Almighty. Then we come to â€Å"Rabb-UL-Aalameen† the meaning of â€Å"Rabb† is generally taken as God, but it is a lot, then that is generally translated Allah Almighty has 99 names, and all of them a possess different meanings, but the core meaning of them is that He is the one who is the creator of everything, Who has supremacy over everything, He is the one who is the Cherisher and many more. â€Å"Aalameen† means the one who is â€Å"Qadir â€Å"(supreme) on everything, who ruled everything, who is the creator of mankind and the jinn. The virtue of the VerseSo, collectively this verse means that all of the thanks and gratitude are towards Allah Almighty, who is the creator of everything in this universe though he is a jinn or anyone from mankind.Verse no 3The third verse of the Surah-Al-Fatihah is:†The Beneficent, The Merciful.†(Al-Fatihah 3) The meaning of â€Å"ar-Rehman† is the Beneficent and â€Å"ar-Rahim† is the Merciful jointly with the deep sense of meaning and the difference between them, was explained with a massive length.As explained above the meaning of these two words, but whenever a word is repeated in the Holy Quran it emphasizes its meaning. â€Å"ar-Rehman and ar-Rahim† are the most significant attributes of Allah Almighty, are repeated 30 times a day in our prayers. It also refers us to beg to Allah Almighty for mercy on us, Allah wants that His people to ask Him for mercy.Verse no 4The fourth verse of Surah-Al-Fatihah is:†Master of the Day of judgment.†(Al-Fatihah 4)In this ayah, our attention is brought toward the second vital principle of Islam, which is the Resurrection and the Hereafter, when it says â€Å"Master of the Day of judgment†. It is a basic base of all moral and social developments in Man, reaches the peak of perfection when its attention is brought toward the end of his life and his attention is brought to where he is going after this life.The word â€Å"Maalik†Ã‚   is referred to someone who possesses something completely and â€Å"the Day of judgment† is the day of final judgment on which everyone is brought to a platform at which justice is done according to the law of Almighty. Allah Almighty is the Lord of everything from the day when the universe was created to the day when it is again being destroyed.The virtue of the verse This verse of the Holy Quran has a clear message for the mankind that only Allah Almighty is the one Who is â€Å"Maalik† of the day of judgment. So, we should get prepared for the day when we will have to come in front of the creator and answer about all of the sins and good deeds we had done in the present world. Verse no 5 The fifth verse of Surah-Al-Fatihah is:†Thee (alone) do we worship and of Thee (only) do we seek help. â€Å"(Al-Fatihah 5)†Thee (alone) do we worship† means Allah is the only Essence to be relied on and worshipped. By admitting that we worship Allah Almighty, we are humble before Allah Almighty and to confess our servitude to Allah and to His Pure Essence help to make us successful in this great challenge. â€Å"Thee (only) do we seek help† is clearly referring towards the Cherished blessings of Allah Almighty, and bringing our attention toward the point that he is the only one who can help us at all. No one else in the universe can help us in any matter. â€Å"Iyyaaka nasta’een†It is in our fitrah too that whenever we indulge in any kind of problem we ask Almighty for help unintentionally no matter whatever our resources are? The virtue of the verseThis verse possesses a very charming message for the believers of Allah Almighty that we only worship Allah Almighty by all aspects of life, no matter what the condition is, also it is the only source of becoming successful in the final exam. And it is only Allah Almighty from which we can seek help as he is the most Beneficial and Merciful.Verse no 6The sixth verse of Surah-Al-Fatihah is:†Guide us (o’ Lord) on the straight path. â€Å"In this verse, we are asking Allah Almighty for help in the form of dua. By saying â€Å"guide us (o’Lord)† we ask Allah Almighty to show us the right path and guide us on it, in the result, we will get guidance which eventually brings us closer and nearer to Allah Almighty which will result in success. The meaning of†Straight Path† is â€Å"Sirat-e-Mustqeem†. Moreover, this straight path is the very Divine faith, has some phases. Whatever phase a person gains, there is still some higher stage above them that a person may ask Allah to guide him to reach. â€Å"Mustqeem† can be defined as istaqaama which means upright. In the beginning, we asked for a straight path so, why we are requesting for it again, it is only on to emphasize the objective to get the straight path. In another meaning, mustqeem refers to remain firm or to stand firm without tilting.The virtue of this verse In the whole ayah, we are asking Allah Almighty to guide us to follow the right path or the straight path and help us to remain us on the right and straight path because it is the only way that we can get to the Paradise. If we tilted a little or toasted minorly this can be a fatal matter for our success as Allah Almighty is the justest.Verse no 7The seventh verse of Surah-Al-Fatihah is:†The path of those upon whom Thou hast bestowed Thy bounties, not (the path) of those inflicted with Thy wrath, nor (of those) gone astray†This verse is, indeed, a clear illustration of the straight path which was dealt with in the previous verse. By this verse, we can clearly understand that the follower asks Allah Almighty to guide him on those with whom He has blessed with many kinds of blessings. In this verse, we ask Allah Almighty that guides us with the path of those which you had blessed and gave your endless bounties, not with those who were strayed from their path and are in great loss. The virtue of the verseWe bow before Allah Almighty to guide us on the path of those which were awarded by Almighty’s fruitful awards, not to those who were strayed and are in great loss.Impact of Surah Al-Fatiha on the life of a Muslim as a servant of AllahSurah Al-Fatiha is the said to be the mother of the Holy Quran and it has a core message of the Holy Quran. As a Muslim Surah Al-Fatiha has shall have a positive and significant impact on us. As it has very clearly been mentioned in the â€Å"verse 3† that Allah Almighty is the Lord of the day of the judgment and all of us has to stand on the platform of justice and there, justice will be done on pure merit. So, as a servant of Allah, we should ask him for â€Å"mercy†.We should ask the Almighty for guidance and siraat-e-mustqeem, so we can remain on the right path. Servant of Allah will surely seek the path of one who is succeeded in his final run, and he will avoid the path of those who strayed from the divine path and bound to hell. Holy Quran is not only our holy book, but a source of great knowledge, and we cannot deny the practical significance of this fact even disbeliever of the holy prophet admit it.So, Quran is the source of knowledge to get success in the final run. And Surah Fatiha has all the aspects which are explained in the Holy book so. So, it implies significant impact on the life of a Muslim. How to cite The Opener of Holy Quran, Papers

Business Research and EthicsPitfalls in Research Methodology

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Research and Ethics for Pitfalls in Research Methodology. Answer: Introduction This proposal will focus to prepare a complete research proposal including the questionnaire to conduct a survey in order to figure out the best possible population on which the test can be applied successfully. The bid under which the organization is working is of top priority as the future of the earth and humanity is depending on this research. It is highly important that this research will choose the right population on which the vaccination test can be conducted. However, the time is limited; therefore, the chances are low that the questionnaires will be distributed among a vast population to find out a proper data and responses. Therefore, in-depth questions are not selected for the questionnaire. The questionnaire will include direct options for the participants so that they can provide suggestions about the population on which the test will be applied. The questionnaire will include options such as High-security prisons, Asylums, cancer hospital where the numbers of incurable patients are high, facilities where the number of severely physically challenged people is high and on the people who are already affected by the virus (Perrodeau et al. 2016). However, this virus will not only provide immunity from the virus but will also help to cure the affected persons. Therefore, it is also important to choose a population that will include different types of people like people from different culture, religion, background and age. This will give a clear idea that the antidote will work on each human being, disregarding their age, eating behavior and family background. Research Questions What will be the best population for conducting the test for the antidote? How the process of injecting antidote will be carried out? How big should the population be to understand whether the antidote has a positive effect or negative effect? How to minimize the after effects of the side effects that comes from the antidote, if any? Research Objectives The objective of the research is to find out the best diverse population that will include all types of people on which the test of the developed antidote will be conducted to find out whether there will be any major side effects or not. Literature Review Experiments on Prisoners According to Hornblum (2013), the best population for doing any medical test or experiment is high-security prisons where the world's most dangerous criminals are held captive. (Beauchamp et al. 2014) mentioned that, it is true that each human being has his own rights. However, he also mentioned that whenever a human being infringes on the rights on another such murder, and then they forfeit their own claims to those rights. The human beings are then condemned to different levels of punishment based on the law. Therefore, the Government can test any medicines or specific tests on the prisoners to find out its usefulness. However, Voigtlnder and Voth (2015) stated that doing researches on prisoners is a bad idea not because of moral, ethical and legal arguments but also for the reason that it includes some scientific issues too. He also mentioned that it is not possible to standardize or control the medical history of the prisoners, and there is no way to look out correlations between genes and diseases. Therefore, the chances are high that conducting research on prisoners might not cultivate expected results. The Tuskegee Syphilis Study The Tuskegee Syphilis Study, as examined by Fred D. Grey was a medical study conducted in Tuskegee, (Alabama Paul and Brookes 2015). The objective of the study was to find out the effects of second stage syphilis and then to sporadically perform exams on these men to find out any possible solution to those side effects. During this study, the African-American men were told that they would receive treatment for "bad blood." However, those men never received penicillin that was considered as the most effective solution of Syphilis. After 40 years of experiment, the story broke out and the existing participants file a lawsuit against the doctors and the Government that helped the project financially (Davis et al. 2012). The lawsuit was lead by Fred D. Gray, who helped the remaining participants to win it and receive $10 million. Nazi Experiments During WWII During the period of World War II, German doctors conducted several medical experiments on prisoners and even normal people. The infamous Dr. Josef wanted to multiply German race quickly and he conducted research on 1,000 pairs of twins (Voigtlnder and Voth 2015). The experiment was conducted on the prisoners of Auschwitz. Another Nazi doctor named as Dr. Kurt injected the bacteria of tuberculosis into the lungs of the people at Neugamme Concentration Camp. This caused at least 200 deaths at that time. Phosgene Gas was used during the time of World War II. The Nazi doctors used the prisoners of 52 concentration camp in order to find out an antidote of that gas so that German soldiers can survive it (Voigtlnder and Voth 2015). In another attempt to make their soldiers more powerful, the Nazi doctors tried to remove joints and limbs from a person with a goal to transplant in another person. This experiment again failed tremendously and many prisoners died. Research Design and Methodology Research design and Methodology is an important part of this research as absolutely perfect and proper methodology must be used so that the result can be accurate and applicable. Research Design According to Mackey and Gass (2015), research design is known as the most important part of a research methodology. This part decides and finds out the way by which the study would be conducted. Three research designs are commonly used in research methodologies that are exploratory, explanatory and descriptive (Fletcher 2016). The exploratory research design is used in those researches where the problem of the research is not described at the first place. Explanatory research is used when ones provision of focus clarifies the issue and challenges of research (Lancaste 2012). On the other hand, descriptive research design provides options to build a proper aim and objective in research. In this research design, the presence of clear aim and objective helps to understand the necessity of the research. Justification: In this research, it is essential to follow the descriptive research design. The exploratory research design is not applicable in this research as the issue or problem related to the research is already known. In order to find out the best population in which the antidote test will be conducted, it will be important to develop an aim and objective that is relevant to the study (Sahu 2013). Then based on those aims and objectives, the further research will be conducted. This is the reason that descriptive design would be best for this research. Data Collection Method Data collection method is a fundamental part of a research work as the method of data collection decides the effectiveness and usefulness of the research outcome. Mostly two types of data collection methods are used in research works that are primary data and secondary data. According to Dul and Hak (2012), the primary data helps to collect fresh information as it is gathered from a targeted population. Secondary data strictly depends on the data and results of previous research works and theories. For this research, it is recommended that primary data collection method should be used. Justification: This research aims to find out a population on which the test can be done to know whether the antidote will cause any major side effect or not. In this case, it is not possible to collect data from secondary researches as no research was done on this topic before (Azhdarzadeh et al. 2015). However, some other researches were done where research organizations conducted an accurate medical test on a particular population (Snyder 2012). Data can be collected from there to get an idea which will help the doctors to choose a proper population. However, the current scenario is entirely different and ethical considerations will not affect the decisions at all. Therefore, the most important part is to collect the information from the existing population (Nasta et al. 2016). That is the reason that primary data collection method must be used in this study. Qualitative or Quantitative Qualitative and Quantitative data collection methods are two sections of primary data collection method. While doing research, either qualitative or quantitative methods can be used. In some cases, both the methods can be used to collect data (Crouch and Pearce 2012). Qualitative data collection method allows collecting data by conducting interviews with either the higher authorities or an organization or with a person who has ample amount of knowledge on the research topic. On the other hand, quantitative data collection method entirely depends on survey questionnaires which are distributed among a particular population in order to collect their responses (Crowther and Lancaster 2012). For this research, it would be better to follow quantitative data collection method. In the current scenario, it would be almost impossible to collect data from the scientists and doctors who have conducted some similar research in the past. Therefore, it would be better to receive responses from a particular population to evaluate and find out what would the best population to conduct this research (Mackenzie 2012). Sampling Size and Technique The size of sampling and technique refers to the efficiency and neutrality of the research outcome. Mostly two types of sampling methods are used in researches, which are probability sampling and non-probability sampling. According to Short et al. (2012), probability sampling comes from surveys which are done by distributing questionnaires among a huge population of an area. On the other hand, non-probability sampling is collected from interviews. In most of the researches, probability data is collected via the quantitative method as this provides neutral and un-biased data (Zink 2012). Besides, the non-probability sampling method is considered as biased data collection method as it is collected from the persons who are directly connected with the industry on which the research is conducted. Justification: This research is a sensitive study and it is highly important to figure out accurate data so that an appropriate population can be found in the research. If the data is collected from the doctors and scientists, the chances are high that they will recommend the places where they carried out their researches. Those areas might not be perfect for the current test. Besides, being from the same industry, it is also possible that they will provide similar names which will not allow receiving ample amount of options (Wiek and Lang 2016). On the other hand, if the probability-sampling method is used, then from the participants, the chances are high that several numbers of options will be collected which will allow to evaluate all the locations and decide which is the best for the research (Sessler and Imrey 2015). Survey Questionnaires In order to collect data from the participants, it is necessary to develop a survey questionnaire (Chaawla and Sondhi 2012). For this particular research, a survey questionnaire is built that is mentioned below, Which Age Bracket do you Belong to? 20-2 30-35 40-45 One of the objectives to collect data through survey questionnaire is to collect as much diverse data as possible. Variable data comes from different people who have different experiences in their lives. Therefore, it is important to collect the responses based on the age of the participants. Do you Think anti-dote Should be Applied Without Testing it on a Human? Yes No Cannot say The time of applying this anti-dote is tiny. It is measured that within 12 months the human race will be wiped out. Therefore, some people are thinking to use the anti-dote without testing it on humans. However, it will be unethical and risky if the anti-dote is applied without finding out if there is any side effect or not. It will save the human race but will put it under trouble that is more severe. Do you think Testing Should be done only on Virus-Affected People? Yes No Cannot say As mentioned in objectives, it is important to decide the number of people on whom the anti-dote will be applied. Normally, the people who are affected with the virus should be eligible for this test. However, the amount is very low and to find out the negative effects of the anti-dote it is important to test the anti-dote on bigger population. Therefore, it is essential to ask this question to the participants. If the testing procedure is done on people who are not affected by the virus in order to find out probable side effect, then what should be that group of people? Criminals of high-security prisons Mentally disorder people of asylum with no chance to recover Cancer patients with no chance to recover Physically handicapped people In this research, the place of ethics is almost nil as the goal is to save the human race anyhow. Therefore, sacrifice can be made in order to find out the effectiveness of the anti-dote. However, it still a matter of discussion that which population must be selected for the test. From the literature review it is clear that prisoners do not have any rights and in the past, they were used several times as research subjects. Therefore, they are the primary contender for this test. However, some other options are also added that includes the people who will either die in the future or are unable to feel the meaning existence. Should the Testing be done based on the age, Culture and Race of the people? Yes No. Cannot say The goal of the test is to find out the side effects of the anti-dote. Side effect depends on age and immunity power of people. While age increases, immunity power decreases. Therefore, it is necessary to test the vaccine on people from different ages to find out whether people of all ages are safe from side effects or not. What should be done if a Minor side Effect is found Among the Test Subjects after the Vaccination? Take the chance and spread the anti-dote around the world Try to improve it as soon as possible Cannot say Another question that might arise is what should be done in the case of any aside effect arises. The time is little for making any enhancement in the anti-dote. However, this decision also depends on the severity of the side effect. If the side effect is too dangerous, then there is no point of using it. Also, the people will decide the level of severity. That is why this question is also necessary to ask in the end. Research Analysis This research will follow the univariate analysis model in order to achieve the research objectives. This model of analysis focuses on the dispersion and central dependency to identify the significance of the responses. Validity and Reliability This research work will be significantly valid and reliable based on its purpose. The collected data will reflect the responses of the participants that will be unbiased and true (Liamputtong 2016). It can be said that the result of this research will be truly helpful to meet the aim and objective of the research which is to find out an appropriate population to test the antidote manufactured by the organization in order to prevent the disease spread by the aliens. Research Limitation As a result of the disease, most of the earth's population is wiped out, and the people are living under chaos. The chances are low that this research will get frequent participants unless organizations come forward communicate with the people to make them understand the seriousness of this research. The biggest limitation would be the current mental condition of the people. Survival is the ultimate need of people, therefore; it can be assumed that people will be agreed with the research and will give this project a green signal without thinking the future. Therefore, it is expected that the responses would be biased and will depend on the need of survival. Summary In the end, it can be said from this research the company that made the antidote will gain a huge support while selecting the population on which the test might take place. The company is concerned that whether they should apply the vaccine without testing it on the people or not. The chances are high that the anti-work would work but because of the side effects in the future, the existence of the company would be at stake. Therefore, a future concern related to the business is working. Besides, a small chance is also there that the anti-dot will not work at all and will cause more harm than any good. Therefore, the company was thinking to test the antidote to find out whether it will serve the purpose or not. This research will allow the organization to gain both the information. They will know whether the people are ready to experience the minor consequences that might affect them after taking the vaccine or not. Besides, they will also understand, based on the responses and collec ted data that which population or group of people will help them to understand the effect of the vaccine. References Azhdarzadeh, M., Saei, A.A., Sharifi, S., Hajipour, M.J., Alkilany, A.M., Sharifzadeh, M., Ramazani, F., Laurent, S., Mashaghi, A. and Mahmoudi, M., 2015. Nanotoxicology: advances and pitfalls in research methodology.Nanomedicine,10(18), pp.2931-2952. Beauchamp, T.L., 2014. In the shadow of Nuremberg: Unlearned lessons from the medical trial. InHuman subjects research after the holocaust(pp. 175-193). Springer International Publishing. NewYork. Chaawla, D. and Sondhi, N., 2012. Research methodology concepts and cases.International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences,2(6), pp.403-405. Cislo, A.M. and Trestman, R., 2013. Challenges and solutions for conducting research in correctional settings: The US experience.International journal of law and psychiatry,36(3), pp.304-310. Crouch, C. and Pearce, J. (2012) Doing Research in Design - Page 68, 2nd ed. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. Crowther, D. and Lancaster, G. (2012) Research Methods, 2nd ed. London: Routledge. Abington. Davis, J.L., Green, B.L. and Katz, R.V., 2012. Influence of scary beliefs about the Tuskegee Syphilis Study on willingness to participate in research.The ABNF journal: official journal of the Association of Black Nursing Faculty in Higher Education, Inc,23(3), p.59. Dul, J. and Hak, T. (2012) Case Study Methodology in Business Research, 3rd ed. Oxford: Elsevier Fletcher, A.J., 2016. Applying critical realism in qualitative research: methodology meets method.International Journal of Social Research Methodology, pp.1-14. Hornblum, A.M., 2013.Acres of skin: Human experiments at Holmesburg prison. Routledge. Abington. Lancaster, G. (2012) Research Methods in Management, 4th ed. Oxford: Elsevier. Liamputtong, P., 2016. Qualitative research methodology and evidence-based practice in public health.Public Health, p.171. Mackenzie, J., Tan, P.L., Hoverman, S. and Baldwin, C., 2012. The value and limitations of participatory action research methodology.Journal of hydrology,474, pp.11-21. Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015.Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. Abington. Nasta, L., Pirolo, L. and Wikstrm, P., 2016. Diversity in creative teams: a theoretical framework and a research methodology for the analysis of the music industry.Creative Industries Journal, pp.1-9. Paul, C. and Brookes, B., 2015. The Rationalization of Unethical Research: Revisionist Accounts of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study and the New Zealand Unfortunate Experiment.American journal of public health,105(10), pp.e12-e19. Perrodeau, F., Pillot-Debelleix, M., Vergniol, J., Lemonnier, F., Receveur, M.C., Trimoulet, P., Raymond, I., Le Port, G. and Gromb-Monnoyeur, S., 2016. Optimizing hepatitis B vaccination in prison.Medecine et maladies infectieuses,46(2), pp.96-99. Sahu, P.K., 2013.Research methodology: a guide for researchers in agricultural science, social science and other related fields(p. 432). New York, New York, USA: Springer. Sessler, D.I. and Imrey, P.B., 2015. Clinical Research Methodology 1: Study Designs and Methodologic Sources of Error.Anesthesia Analgesia,121(4), pp.1034-1042. Short, M.B., Black, L., Smith, A.H., Wetterneck, C.T. and Wells, D.E., 2012. A review of Internet pornography use research: Methodology and content from the past 10 years.Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking,15(1), pp.13-23. Snyder, C., 2012. A case study of a case study: Analysis of a robust qualitative research methodology.The Qualitative Report,17(13), p.1. Voigtlnder, N. and Voth, H.J., 2015. Nazi indoctrination and anti-Semitic beliefs in Germany.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,112(26), pp.7931-7936. Wiek, A. and Lang, D.J., 2016. Transformational sustainability research methodology. InSustainability Science(pp. 31-41). Springer Netherlands. Zink, R.C., 2012. Sampling Methodology: Implications for Drawing Conclusions from Clinical Research Findings. InPrinciples of Research Methodology(pp. 197-205). Springer New York.